Page 13 - Linux

sysfs maps every kernel object, driver and detected device as a plain file under /sys. Understanding this structure lets you diagnose hardware states, tune block device schedulers and change kernel module parameters at runtime, without extra tools or a reboot.

A reliable backup concept combines efficient incremental synchronization with rsync, portable archives with tar, and consistent snapshots without downtime. This guide shows how these tools, together with the 3-2-1 rule, add up to a resilient strategy for a small server fleet, including the restore tests that are the only thing that truly verifies a backup.

An offsite backup is the copy that survives a fire, theft, or ransomware infection at the local site. The 3-2-1 rule gives a simple but effective formula for this: three copies of the data, on two different media types, at least one physically separated from the main site. This article shows how to implement that rule on Linux servers in an automated, encrypted, and monitored way.

Transparent Huge Pages sound like a free performance win, since the kernel forms larger memory pages on its own without requiring any application changes. On database and cache servers, that very automation regularly turns out to be a source of unpredictable latency spikes, while statically reserved huge pages offer a very different, far more controllable behavior.

Unpatched servers are the most common entry point for attackers, but fully automatic updates without oversight carry their own risk. This article shows how unattended-upgrades reliably applies security patches, reports failures by email, and moves reboots into a plannable maintenance window instead of interrupting operations unpredictably.

Symlinks and hardlinks appear to solve the same problem, but they operate on entirely different levels of the filesystem. Understanding the difference at the inode level helps you avoid broken references, build reliable atomic deployments, and save significant disk space with rsync backups without risking data integrity.

A single user or service consuming storage without limits can bring down an entire server. Filesystem quotas limit storage and file count per user or group, with soft limits as an early warning and hard limits as a hard stop.

The choice of server distribution directly determines how current PHP packages are, how long security updates keep flowing, and how smoothly operations run with your hosting provider. This article compares Ubuntu LTS, Debian, and Rocky Linux and AlmaLinux along real operational criteria for PHP and Magento servers, instead of catering to distro preference.

A kernel version upgrade without a plan can take down a production server if drivers go missing or DKMS modules stop building. With a clear baseline snapshot, an LTS strategy, GRUB as a rollback safety net and a test plan, the risk turns into a controlled, repeatable procedure.

Working on the move on a train, in a café, or with switching WiFi regularly pushes classic SSH to its limits: every IP change or brief interruption ends the connection. Mosh solves exactly this problem with a UDP based protocol that transparently survives connection drops and network changes, while local echo makes it feel noticeably more responsive than SSH.